BIO-157: Biology II

Course Title: Biology II

Course no: BIO-157                                                                                   Full Marks: 60+20+20
Credit hours: 3                                                                                            Pass Marks: 24+8+8

Nature of course: Theory (3 Hrs.) + Lab (3 Hrs.)

Course Synopsis: Cell Division, DNA structure and function, RNA, transcription and translation process, mutation, gene regulation, recombinant DNA technology.

Goal: The course is aimed at knowing the living organism at the molecular level. It also focused on techniques for gene manipulation by using recombinant DNA technology.

Course Contents:

Unit 1.                                                                                                                                       5 Hrs.
Cell division: Mitosis, meiosis, mechanism of crossing over, non-disjunction, ell cycle, abnormal cell division, basis of oncology

Unit 2.                                                                                                                                 9 Hrs.
DNA: Structure of DNA, replication of DNA, Organization of DNA in chromosomes, forms of DNA

Unit 3.                                                                                                                             11 Hrs.
3.1    RNA: Overview of gene expression, transcription-synthesis of RNA, process, structure of mRNA
3.2    Protein synthesis: Decoding the message, tRNA, ribosomal rNA, role of ribosome in protein synthesis
3.3    Genetic code: Introduction of genetic code, wooble hypothesis

Unit 4.                                                                                                                              6 Hrs.
Mutation and DNA repair: Introduction, types of mutation, reversion, mechanism of DNA repair.

Unit 5.                                                                                                                                         6 Hrs.
5.1 Gene regulation in prokaryotes: Operon concept, transcriptional control of protein synthesis, post transcriptional gene control
5.2 Eukaryotic gene control: Control of transcription, post transcriptional gene control, splicing.

Unit 6.                                                                                                                                       8 Hrs.
Recombinant DNA technology; introduction, tools for cloning, vectors and restriction endonucleases, gene cloning and expression, application of recombinant DNA in healthcare and agriculture industry

Laboratory Assignments:
·         Observation of stages of mitosis by cytological slide preparation from root tip of onion.
·         Observation of stages of meiosis by cytological slide preparation from anthers.
·         Preparation of models of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis
·         Testing for DNA with Geulgen stain.
·         Testing fro DNA and RNA with Methyl Green Pyronin stain.
·         Counting of WBC and RBC in human blood.

Text Books:
 Biology by Villee, Solomon, Martin, Martion, Gerg, Davis 2nd Edition, Saunders college publishing, USA.
Reference Book:
Concepts in Biology by E.D. Enger & F.C. Ross, 9th Ed. Tata McGraw Hill
                                   Biology by P.H. Reven et.al, 5th Ed. WBC McGraw Hill.

Laboratory Manual:  Biology; A functional approach; Student's Manual / By M.B.V.
                                      Roberts and T.J. King (second edition - ELBS / Nelson, 1988)